《耕作学》教学大纲

课程类型: 必修课

学时: 44学时(3学分),其中讲授32学时,实验12学时

适用对象: 农学专业、草业科学本科

教学目的:通过课堂讲授和实验教学,使学生初步掌握耕作制度的基本原理及其设计和管理方法。

先修课程:农业生态学,作物栽培学,土壤学,作物营养与施肥

授课方法:课堂讲授与实验相结合。既保持课程基本内容的相对基本稳定,又要根据学科的变化掌握一定的灵活性,对课程内容及时进行必要的调整。

重点:本大纲所包括的内容

难点:无

第一章绪论Introduction2 学时2 hrs

有关的基本概念 Several related concepts;

耕作制度的功能 Role of farming systems;

中国耕作制度的特点 Features of farming systems in China。

 

第二章资源、环境与耕作制度

Resources,environment andfarming systems3 学时3 hrs

第一节自然资源与农作制度的关系 Relations between natural resources base and cropping systems

1 光资源Solar radiation

2 热量资源Temperature

3水资源Water resources

4 地形地貌Topography

5 土壤资源Land and soil

6 生物资源—植被 Biological resources—Vegetation

第二节社会经济因子与农作制度的关系 Relations between social economical factors and cropping systems

1 地理位置 Geographic location

2 科学技术水平 Level of technology development

3 人力资源 Human resource

第三节耕作制度区划 Zoning of cropping systems

耕作制度的类型Types of cropping systems

中国耕作制度区划 Cropping systems zoning

 

第三章作物布局 Crop composition and distribution 5 学时5 hrs

第一节作物布局的意义、原则和步骤 The role, principles and procedures of designing crop composition and distribution

1 作物布局的概念和意义Concept and role of crop composition and distribution

2 作物布局的原则 Principles of designing crop composition and distribution

3 作物布局的步骤 Procedures of designing crop composition and distribution

4 生产结构调整 Adjustment of production structure

第二节作物生态适应性Ecological adaptability of crops

1 作物对光的适应性 Crop adaptability to solar radiation

2 作物对温度的适应性 Crop adaptability to temperature

3 作物对水的适应性 Crop adaptability to water

4 作物对土壤肥料的适应性 Crop adaptability to soil

5 地形地貌对作物生态适应性的影响effects of topography on crop adaptability

第三节中国与河北的作物布局 Crop composition and distribution in China and Hebei

1 粮食作物布局 Composition and distribution of staple food crops

2 经济作物布局 Composition and distribution of cash crops

3 果品蔬菜布局 Composition and distribution of fruits and vegetables

4 饲料绿肥作物布局 Composition and distribution of forage and green manure crops

第四章复种 Sequential cropping 4 学时4 hrs

第一节 复种的意义The role of sequential cropping

第二节复种的效应 Effects of sequential cropping

1 复种与光能的集约利用 Sequential cropping and intensive use of solar radiation

2 复种与热量资源的集约利用 Sequential cropping and intensive use of thermo-resource

3 复种与水资源的集约利用 Sequential cropping and intensive use of water resource

4 复种与地力的集约利用 Sequential cropping and intensive use of land resource

5 复种与多种经营 Sequential cropping and diversification of production

6 复种与经济效益 Sequential cropping and economical return of production

第三节复种的条件Conditions for sequential cropping

1 热量条件与复种 Thermo resource and sequential cropping

2 水分条件与复种 Water resource and sequential cropping

3 肥料地力条件与复种Fertilizer and land resources and sequential cropping

4 动力条件与复种 Draught power and machinery and sequential cropping

5 经济效果与复种Economical return and sequential cropping

第四节复种的技术 Techniques for sequential cropping

1 作物组合与品种搭配 Composition of crop species and varieties

2 复种季节的超额利用 Extra utilization of sequential cropping season

第五节中国和河北的主要复种方式Major sequential cropping patterns in China and in Hebei

中国的主要复种方式 Major sequential cropping patterns in China

河北的主要复种方式 Major sequential cropping patterns in Hebei

第五章间、混、套作 Intercropping 4 学时4 hrs

第一节间套作的意义 Role of intercropping

1 间套作的概念 Concept of intercropping

2 间套作的在农业生产中的意义Role of intercropping in agriculture

第二节间套作的效应 Effects of intercropping

1 空间上的互补与竞争 Spatial competition and compensation

2 时间上的互补与竞争Temporal competition and compensation

3 对养分和水分的互补与竞争 Competition and compensation in nutrients and water

4 生物他感作用 Allelopathy

第三节间套作的技术 Techniques for intercropping

1 作物与品种选配Crop and cultivar composition

2 田间配置Field composition

3 田间管理 Field management

第四节中国和河北的主要间套作类型与方式 major intercropping patterns in China and Hebei

1 主要间作类型与方式 Major row intercropping patterns

2 主要套作类型与方式 Major relay intercropping patterns

第六章轮作与连作 Crop rotation and continuous cropping3 学时3 hrs

第一节轮作换茬的作用 Therole of crop rotation

1 基本概念 Concepts

2 轮作换茬的作用 Therole of crop rotation

第二节连作Continuous cropping

1 不同作物对连作的反应 Responses of different crops to continuous cropping

2 连作的危害与消除途径 Harms of continuous cropping and avoiding approaches

3 连作的应用Application of continuous cropping

第三节作物茬口与茬口特性Chakou (previous crop with its stubble field) and the characteristics of Chakou

1 茬口特性的形成Formation of the characteristics of Chakou

2 不同类型作物的茬口特性 The characteristics of Chakou of different crop types

3 茬口顺序的安排 Arrangement of crop sequence in a rotation

第七章农牧结合的种植制度 Mixed farming2 学时2 hrs

第一节农牧结合的概念和意义 The concept and role of mixed farming

1 农牧结合的概念 The concept of mixed farming

2 农牧结合的意义 The role ofmixed farming

第二节农牧结合的效率与模式 Efficiency and patterns of mixed farming systems

1 初级生产与次级生产的关系The relation between primary and secondary production

2 农牧衔接方式与效率 Patterns and efficiencies of mixed farming

第三节适应农牧结合的种植制度 Cropping systems coinciding in mixed farming systems

1 包括饲料生产的种植制度 Cropping systems involving forage production

2 非耕地利用途径 Approaches of non-arable land utilization for forage production

第八章农田养护 Land conservation and protection2 学时2 hrs

第一节 农田建设 Land construction

1 高质量农田的基本要求Criteria of high quality farmland

2 低产田改造 Improvement of low yielding lands

第二节土壤培肥 Improvement of soil fertility

1 农田物质循环与养分平衡 Nutrient cycling and balancing of crop fields

2 不同种植制度下的养分平衡动向 Trends of nutrient balance in different cropping systems

3 土壤培肥的措施 Measures for improving soil fertility

第三节农田保护 Land and soil protection

1农田保护的重要性 Importance of land and soil protection

2 农田保护的措施 Measures of land and soil protection

第九章土壤耕作(土壤管理)Soil management3学时3 hrs

第一节 土壤耕作的目的 Role of soil tillage

1 调节耕层三相比 Adjusting the water-air-solid proportion in topsoil

2 创造深厚的耕层和适宜的苗床 Creating deep tilth and suitable seed bed

3 翻埋残茬、肥料和杂草Burying crop stubbles, fertilizers and weeds

第二节 不同土壤耕作措施的作用 Effects of different tillage measures

1 土壤耕作的机械作用 Mechanical effects of soil tillage

2 基本耕作措施 Primary soil tillage measures

3 表土耕作措施 Top soil tillage measures

第三节 常用的土壤耕作制度(耕法) Tillage systems

1 平翻耕作制度 Plowing tillage system

2 深松耕作制度Chiseling tillage system

3 垄作耕作制度 Ridging –and-furrowingtillage system

4 少耕耕作制度 Reduced (or minimum ) tillage system

5 免耕耕作制度 No-till tillage system

6 砂田耕作制度 Gravel mulched tillage system

第十章耕作制度的历史演变与改革

Historical evolution and reformation of cropping systems2学时2 hrs

1 耕作制度的历史演变 Historical evolution of cropping systems

2 耕作制度改革 Reformation of cropping systems

 

实验

1 作物类型与复种形式的确定 Determining crop species and patterns of sequential cropping

2 作物布局优化方法之一 — 原理与基本方法 Optimizing crop composition and distribution:I—Rationale and the primary approach

3 作物布局优化方法之二 — 最优化计算机软件的应用 Optimizing crop composition and distribution:II —Application ofcomputer software for optimization

4 轮作制度的设计 Designing crop rotation system

5 土壤耕作制度的设计 Designing soil tillage system

6. 施肥制度的设计.Design of fertiligation syotem

 

主要教学参考书

1 刘巽浩主编.耕作学.北京: 中国农业出版社,1994年第1版

3 刘巽浩主编.中国的耕作制度.北京: 中国农业出版社,1993年第1版

4 北京农业大学主编.耕作学.北京:农业出版社,1981年第1版

5 Abraham Blum 编著,李晶宜等译.农业的教与学. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社,1997年第1  版

6曹敏建主编.耕作学.面向21世纪全国高等农业院校教材.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.12

7刘巽浩主编.中国农作制.北京:中国农业出版社,2005

8刘巽浩主编.农作学.中国农业大学出版社,2005.9

 
 
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